Los espacios verdes en las ciudades y villas de Asturias

Se explica la evolución geográfica de las ciudades en Asturias desde la perspectiva de las áreas verdes, es decir a través del proceso de incorporación urbana de parques, jardines, paseos y plazas arboladas. La finalidad es comprender los cambios en el significado del verde, su planteamiento y materialización tipológica, así como su integración diversa en las formas del paisaje. Desde el pasado a la actualidad, la exploración comienza con los jardines históricos y concluye en los espacios naturales de la ciudad posfordista.Les espaces verts dans les villes et les bourgs asturiens.- Explication de l'évolution géographique des villes dans la région des Asturias en adoptant la perspectiva des espaces verts, c'est-à-dire, à travers le processus d'incorporation de parcs, de jardins, d'allées et de places plantées d'arbres. La finalité en est la comprèhension des changements dans la signification du vert, sa problèmatisation et sa matèrialisation typologique, ainsi que son integration diversifiée dans les formes du paysage. Du passé à la actualitè, l'exploration commence avec les jardins historiques et finit sur les espaces naturels de la ville postfordiste.Green spaces in the cities and boroughs of Asturias.- The geographical evolution of the cities in the region of Asturias can be explained from the perspective of the green spaces. That is to say, through the process of the incorporation of parks, gardens, tree-lined avenues and squares. The aim is to understand the changes in the meaning of green spaces, its approach and morphologic materialization as well as its diverse integration in different landscapes. From the past up to the present, the exploration starts with the historical gardens and finishes in the natural spaces of the postfordist city.Publicad

Performance assessment in water supply and distribution

Abstract unavailable please refer to PD

Erratum: Martins, M.S., et al. Wideband and wIde beam polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) acoustic transducer for broadband underwater. Sensors 2019, 19, 3991

The authors wish to make the following erratum to this paper [...].info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Estímulos dados às Experiências Pedagógicas e à Produção de Livros Didáticos no Período da Matemática Moderna: contexto Brasil-Portugal

Disponível em: http://www2.rc.unesp.br/bolema/?q=node/196No século XX, a matemática escolar tornou-se foco de atenção em congressos nacionais e internacionais, evidenciando uma necessidade de se repensar seu ensino. A discussão ampliou-se e resultou, no final da década de 1950, na elaboração de uma proposta de internacionalização do ensino de Matemática, contando com o envolvimento de órgãos como UNESCO e OECE. A OECE propiciou a elaboração de recomendações para a implantação da Matemática Moderna (MM). Essas recomendações foram divulgadas e ressignificadas em diversos países. Pretendemos, a partir de algumas das recomendações da OECE, identificar como estas foram operacionalizadas, tendo como referência Brasil e Portugal. Pergunta-se: o que representou a realização de experiências com a MM e a publicação de livros didáticos nestes países? Para tanto, utilizamos produção bibliográfica sobre MM, documentos oficiais encontrados em Arquivos Históricos de Portugal e entrevista com um participante da modernização da Matemática em Portugal

La gestión pedagógica y el rendimiento académico en el área de matemática de los estudiantes de la institución educativa n°32589 Pinquiray - Pachitea – Huánuco – 2019

El trabajo de investigación se originó en la incógnita correspondiente ¿qué relación existe entre la gestión pedagógica y el rendimiento académico en el área de matemática de los estudiantes de la Institución Educativa N° 32589 de Pinquiray – Pachitea, Huánuco - 2019? El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación que existe entre la Gestión Pedagógica y el rendimiento académico en el área de matemática de los estudiantes de la Institución Educativa N°32589 de Pinquiray – Pachitea, Huánuco – 2019. La investigación es de tipo básico, con enfoque cuantitativo, nivel correlacional, y diseño descriptivo correlacional. La población estuvo formada con 19 docentes y 294 estudiantes, de las cuales se tomó como muestra a los 19 docentes pertenecientes a los tres niveles y a 115 alumnos; a quienes se les aplicó los instrumentos correspondientes tales como: un cuestionario que permitió medir la gestión pedagógica y el rendimiento académico. Estos instrumentos ayudaron a recabar los datos pertinentes sobre las variables para realizar la correlación y comparación correspondiente al analizar los resultados. Al correlacionar las variables se determinó que no existe una relación significativa entre la gestión pedagógica y el rendimiento académico en el área de matemática de los estudiantes de la Institución Educativa N°32589 de Pinquiray – Pachitea, Huánuco – 2019. Con un (p-valor=0.285) que equivale a un 28.5%, y teniendo en cuenta un nivel de significancia de 5% (0.05) se acepta la hipótesis H0 y se rechaza la H1. Asimismo, se ha evidenciado una correlación igual a 2,6% entre las variables en estudio, evaluadas con el índice de Kappa.Tesi

Statistical Complexity Analysis of Turing Machine tapes with Fixed Algorithmic Complexity Using the Best-Order Markov Model

Sources that generate symbolic sequences with algorithmic nature may differ in statistical complexity because they create structures that follow algorithmic schemes, rather than generating symbols from a probabilistic function assuming independence. In the case of Turing machines, this means that machines with the same algorithmic complexity can create tapes with different statistical complexity. In this paper, we use a compression-based approach to measure global and local statistical complexity of specific Turing machine tapes with the same number of states and alphabet. Both measures are estimated using the best-order Markov model. For the global measure, we use the Normalized Compression (NC), while, for the local measures, we define and use normal and dynamic complexity profiles to quantify and localize lower and higher regions of statistical complexity. We assessed the validity of our methodology on synthetic and real genomic data showing that it is tolerant to increasing rates of editions and block permutations. Regarding the analysis of the tapes, we localize patterns of higher statistical complexity in two regions, for a different number of machine states. We show that these patterns are generated by a decrease of the tape's amplitude, given the setting of small rule cycles. Additionally, we performed a comparison with a measure that uses both algorithmic and statistical approaches (BDM) for analysis of the tapes. Naturally, BDM is efficient given the algorithmic nature of the tapes. However, for a higher number of states, BDM is progressively approximated by our methodology. Finally, we provide a simple algorithm to increase the statistical complexity of a Turing machine tape while retaining the same algorithmic complexity. We supply a publicly available implementation of the algorithm in C++ language under the GPLv3 license. All results can be reproduced in full with scripts provided at the repository.Peer reviewe

The complexity landscape of viral genomes

Background Viruses are among the shortest yet highly abundant species that harbor minimal instructions to infect cells, adapt, multiply, and exist. However, with the current substantial availability of viral genome sequences, the scientific repertory lacks a complexity landscape that automatically enlights viral genomes' organization, relation, and fundamental characteristics. Results This work provides a comprehensive landscape of the viral genome's complexity (or quantity of information), identifying the most redundant and complex groups regarding their genome sequence while providing their distribution and characteristics at a large and local scale. Moreover, we identify and quantify inverted repeats abundance in viral genomes. For this purpose, we measure the sequence complexity of each available viral genome using data compression, demonstrating that adequate data compressors can efficiently quantify the complexity of viral genome sequences, including subsequences better represented by algorithmic sources (e.g., inverted repeats). Using a state-of-the-art genomic compressor on an extensive viral genomes database, we show that double-stranded DNA viruses are, on average, the most redundant viruses while single-stranded DNA viruses are the least. Contrarily, double-stranded RNA viruses show a lower redundancy relative to single-stranded RNA. Furthermore, we extend the ability of data compressors to quantify local complexity (or information content) in viral genomes using complexity profiles, unprecedently providing a direct complexity analysis of human herpesviruses. We also conceive a features-based classification methodology that can accurately distinguish viral genomes at different taxonomic levels without direct comparisons between sequences. This methodology combines data compression with simple measures such as GC-content percentage and sequence length, followed by machine learning classifiers. Conclusions This article presents methodologies and findings that are highly relevant for understanding the patterns of similarity and singularity between viral groups, opening new frontiers for studying viral genomes' organization while depicting the complexity trends and classification components of these genomes at different taxonomic levels. The whole study is supported by an extensive website (https://asilab.github.io/canvas/) for comprehending the viral genome characterization using dynamic and interactive approaches.Peer reviewe

Evaluation of extracorporeal circulation effects on gallstone formation

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to clarify the relationship between cardiopulmonary bypass with the use of a heart-lung machine and gallstones in a short-term follow-up. METHOD: A total of 135 patients with ischaemic heart disease were included in this study. All were followed up by the Cardiology Department of Hospital São Paulo, Federal University of São Paulo. They were divided into three groups: Group 1 - 51 patients who were treated clinically; Group 2 - 43 patients who underwent coronary artery grafting bypass without cardiopulmonary bypass; and Group 3 - 41 patients who underwent coronary artery grafting bypass with cardiopulmonary bypass and the use of a heart-lung machine. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in relation to gender, age, body mass index or associated diseases (p<0.05). All the patients underwent ultrasound examination 12 months after beginning their cardiological treatment (clinical treatment alone or surgical plus follow-up). RESULTS: The prevalence of gallstones in the groups was: Group 1 - 7.84%, Group 2 - 11.62%, and Group 3 - 19.51%. There was no statistically significant differences between the groups (p = 0.248). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that cardiopulmonary bypass does not appear to have a close relationship with gallstone formation one year after coronary artery bypass grafting. However, long-term follow-up is advisable.OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação entre o uso da circulação extracorpórea e o desenvolvimento de colelitíase. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 135 pacientes coronariopatas acompanhados na Disciplina de Cardiologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) - Escola Paulista de Medicina, no período de janeiro de 2000 a setembro de 2002, distribuídos em três grupos: Grupo 1 - 51 pacientes tratados clinicamente; Grupo 2 - 43 pacientes revascularizados sem circulação extracorpórea e Grupo 3 - 41 pacientes revascularizados com circulação extracorpórea. Foram controladas as variáveis sexo, idade, índice de massa corpórea e doenças associadas entre os grupos e foi realizada ultra-sonografia total de abdome em todos os pacientes, aos doze meses de tratamento (clínico ou cirúrgico), para verificar a existência de colelitíase. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de colelitíase encontrada nos grupos foi: Grupo 1 - 7,84 %; Grupo 2 - 11,62 % e Grupo 3 - 19,51 %. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos quanto à existência de colelitíase (p=0,248). CONCLUSÃO: Baseado neste estudo não se pode afirmar que o uso da circulação extracorpórea predisponha a maior prevalência de colelitíase.UNIFESP-EPMUNIFESP-EPM Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) Disciplina de Cirurgia CardiovascularUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de CirurgiaUNIFESP, EPM, Disciplina de Cirurgia CardiovascularSciEL

Segurança e desenvolvimento nas políticas de defesa dos países da Organização do Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica

This paper aims to identify the relationship between security and development in the defence policies and strategies of the countries of the Organization of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty. The text includes remarks on the Amazon securitization matrix, as well as a brief analysis of defence documents of the Amazonian countries.Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar relações entre segurança e desenvolvimento nas políticas e estratégias de defesa dos países da Organização do Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica. O texto abarca ponderações sobre a matriz de securitização da Amazônia, bem como uma breve análise dos documentos de defesa dos países amazônicos